Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, including the gums, ligaments, and bones. It is typically caused by bacteria in the mouth that form plaque and tartar, leading to inflammation and infection of the gums. Periodontal disease can range from mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) to more severe forms of gum disease (periodontitis) that can result in tooth loss if left untreated. Risk factors for periodontal disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking, genetic predisposition, certain medications, and underlying health conditions such as diabetes. Research in the field of periodontal disease focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease, developing new diagnostic tools and treatments, and exploring the relationship between periodontal health and systemic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Studies also investigate the role of oral microbiome in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Overall, the goal of research in this area is to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for periodontal disease to promote better oral and overall health.